the addition of tmz increased the overall survival (os) from 7.7 to 13.5 months and from 7.9 to 10.0 months in the gbm patients with methylated and non-methylated o6-methylguanine-dna methyl transferase (mgmt) respectively [3, 4]; however survival remains very poor. in addition, we also discuss the utility of many natural compounds including procyanidine and scillarenin in modulating the bbb to improve drug delivery and enhance therapeutic efficacy. this flavonoid also increased the sensitivity of gbm lines u87 and u251 to tmz by suppressing heat shock protein 27 (hsp27) expression, that is known to confer drug resistance [28]. let-7 mirna is one of the important mirnas that suppress tumor growth and is downregulated in many cancers [38–40]. they also showed inhibition of the pi3k/akt/mtor signaling pathway in u87 and u251 cells by andrographolide [61]. it belongs to one of the widespread and diverse groups of plant metabolites. ethanolic extract of guduchi eeg also inhibited the growth of c6 rat glioma cells and u87 gbm cells in a concentration dependent manner and also induced differentiation of c6 cells to an astrocyte-like phenotype [80]. have shown that osthole treatment significantly reduced growth, enhanced apoptosis and increased the expression of the tumor suppressor microrna-16 (mirna-16) with decreased mmp-9 expression in u87 gbm cells [104]. reported recently that both cpe and curcumin decrease the viability of u373 gbm cells [115]. in addition, dae-young also demonstrated that brazilin also decreased proliferation and induced apoptosis in u87 gbm cells as shown by the cell cycle arrest at sub-g1 phase, while decreasing the expression of caspase -3 and caspase-7, and increasing the expression of parp [127]. it decreased the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins including cyclin b1, cdc2 and cdc25c in u87 gbm cells [134].
interestingly, rutin was shown to inhibit the production of both vegf and tgf-β1 in gbm gl-15 cells and therefore, inhibit angiogenesis and crt resistance [155]. zsp also decreased expression of the stem cell markers cd133 and nestin in u87 cells [171]. in addition, f2 also inhibited formyl peptide receptor, a type of g-protein coupled receptor that is known to be intricate in gbm tumor invasion and angiogenesis [185]. in gbm, curcumin has been shown to attenuate the intracranial tumor growth of u87 xenografts and increased the overall survival of the mice [201]. cheppail et al., also showed that addition of tf to either etoposide or tmz increased the cytotoxicity in u87 gbm cell line. similarly, saponin-1 was shown to decrease survival and induce apoptosis in u251mg and u87mg cells by decreasing the expression of survivin, xiap, bax/bcl-2/ ratio and activation of caspase-9/3 [238]. also showed that saponin-1 inhibited the growth of u251mg and u87mg xenografts in nude mice [238]. in another study, eckol was also shown to abolish the anchorage independent growth of u373 glioma cells and growth of xenografts [266]. zataria multiflora hydroalcoholic extract and tet also significantly increased the radiosensitivity of the a172 and the u87 and u251 gbm cell lines respectively [86, 88]. it also inactivates the transcription factor foxo1 by phosphorylation, resulting in inactivation of pro-apoptotic proteins and cell survival. natural products aid the permeation of chemotherapeutic drugs in the brain.
the results presented in this research paper are encouraging and serve as a good basis for further research on the possibilities of phytotherapy in the treatment of glioblastoma. there are more and more reports showing the use of herbal remedies in the treatment of various tumors. these data were used as the basis for a comparative monitoring of the effectiveness of pt in terms of comparing the dimensions of the tumor prior to pt with the results of the control scans that patients underwent during and after pt. in patients who experienced a progression of the disease, the treatment was continued with a combination of selected herbal medicines marked as phytotherapy of salvation (pts). the second surgery was performed in august 2008, and an inspection of a sample of tumor tissue showed that it was a recurrence of a diffuse astrocytoma. the stpt combination was introduced, and she used it in the course of following 33 months. in september 2010, a control scan was performed which showed the presence of tumor residues, dimensions 8 × 6 mm (fig. the patient underwent surgery on 21 february 2012, and on that occasion, a complete resection of the tumor was performed. a therapeutic dose of 46 gy was administered in 23 fractions, followed by radiation of the tumor base with a therapeutic dose of 8 gy in 4 fractions. 3e) showed a reduction of the tumor from 60 to 50 mm, and the scan from 01 october 2014 showed that the tumor radius was 45 mm (fig.
4b) showed the presence of local recurrence, with a diameter of 5 mm, and the scan from september 2012 showed an increase of the tumor to 11 mm (fig. due to the progression of the tumor, the treatment with tmz was not continued. the reports on the achieved results of the treatment of gbm with tmz after the recurrence of the disease show temporarily cessation of tumor growth in a number of patients. it is possible that this was the reason for the recurrence of gbm 4 months after the surgery. in the third subject, the progression of tumor occurred soon after rt was completed (fig. in order to overcome this problem, it was decided that the composition of the mixture should be modified and a phytotherapy of salvation (pts) should be introduced instead of stpt. in the fifth patient, due to the pre-surgery size of the tumor and a large perifocal edema (fig. control imaging performed in march 2015 showed a cessation of tumor growth, while the dimensions of the tumor remained the same (fig. the results achieved in patients in which tumor regression occurred exclusively due to the use of herbal medicines particularly point to such a conclusion. d the nmri from february 2013 shows a new progression of the tumor after which pts was introduced. a control scan after the completion of a combined therapy with tmz and ft and regression of the tumor.
osthole or osthol is a natural coumarian, extracted from ripe cnidium fruits and known to have anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer the phytotherapy involved five types of herbal medicine which the subjects took in the form of tea, each type once a day at regular intervals. i sincerely believe that there are natural treatments to completely eliminate glioblastomas, despite so many sceptics out there., .
bioactive molecules found in seeds, vegetables, and fruits have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties that may help cancer survivors feel using genetically engineered mouse models and high-throughput screening technologies, msk researchers have found a surprising new approach for rationale: giving the herb boswellia serrata after surgery and radiation therapy may slow the growth of any remaining tumor cells. it is not yet known whether, .
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