furthermore, most of the world’s populations used herbal materials due to their strong antimicrobial properties and primary healthcare benefits. several studies have shown that different herbal medicines are sources of diverse molecules, many of which exhibit radical scavenger and antimicrobial properties which can defend the human body against pathogens and also cellular oxidation reactions. this herb is one of the traditional herbs primarily local to asia and africa. the high antioxidant activity of clove’s extract and essential oil is related to the chemical content of this herb, like a phenolic compound. the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of this medicinal plant is based on its chemical content including phenolic compounds [40,41]. based on the presence of this component, eryngium shows high antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. the essential oil of this herb has been shown to have antioxidant activity. the antioxidant activity of ginger is related to the chemical compounds present in ginger such as zingiberene, zingerone, shogaols, and gingerols [164]. numerous studies in the literature have demonstrated that the higher phenolic content of thyme is responsible for the high radical scavenging and antioxidant properties of this medicinal plant [181,182,183,184].
the antimicrobial ability of this plant is related to the presence of neo-menthol, pulegone, and menthone. the strong antioxidant characteristics of ethanol extracts and essential oil of this plant have been demonstrated by in vitro studies [206]. the high antimicrobial ability of this plant is also due to the high contents of phenolic compounds. in general, the extracts of burdock have demonstrated high antimicrobial activities and antioxidant capacity. numerous researchers have reported that the antioxidant activity of this plant is due to its phenolic components. previous studies have demonstrated the high antimicrobial ability of the extracts and essential oil of primrose against different microorganisms such as s. aureus, and e. coli [267,271,272]. the extract of this plant has high phenolic content and high antimicrobial properties. garlic is one of the traditional medicines with antimicrobial and antioxidant characteristics [301]. the presence of phenolic compounds in the extract or essential oil of these herbal medicines often demonstrates the potent antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. all authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
the odds ratio of having a negative lbt after taking herbal therapy as compared to rifaximin was 1.85 (ci=0.77-4.41, p=.17) once adjusted for age, gender, sibo risk factors and ibs status. sibo is often treated with a course of rifaximin 1200 mg/ day for 10-14 days, which is expensive and not routinely covered by many commercial health plans in the united states. the cost of herbal therapy was no more than $120 for a 30-day supply. the odds ratio of having a negative lbt if on herbal therapy as compared to rifaximin was 1.85 (ci=0.77-4.41, p=.17) once adjusted for age, gender, sibo risk factors, and ibs status (table 8).
in our study, the side effect profile of herbs when compared to rifaximin was not statistically different with a p=.22. thus, herbal therapy appears to be effective in the treatment of sibo patients that is initially refractory to rifaximin. the johns hopkins hospital, department of internal medicine, division of gastroenterology, baltimore, maryland (dr dhalla), united states. the johns hopkins hospital, department of internal medicine, division of gastroenterology, baltimore, maryland (dr koh), united states.
the presented herbal antimicrobial agents in this review include clove, portulaca, tribulus, eryngium, cinnamon, turmeric, ginger, thyme, secondary metabolites are responsible for the antimicrobial activity of plants. in this present review, we have explained the various herbal which ones are used? numerous herbs demonstrate antibiotic activity, but as with any condition that antibiotics are used for, finding the right match and dose, antimicrobial herbs for gut, antimicrobial herbs for gut, list of antibacterial herbs, antimicrobial herbs for h pylori, antimicrobial herbs for lyme disease.
garlic is one of the most extensively researched medicinal plants.13 its antibacterial action depends on allicin and is thought to be due to, antibacterial herbs and spices, antimicrobial herbs for acne, topical antibacterial herbs, sibo antibiotic treatment protocol.
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